Static Generation
Building every page of a site before publishing, instead of assembling it on each visit.
A dynamic site builds the page when somebody asks for it: it queries a database, runs code, returns the result. A static site already has everything sitting in files — the server just hands them over.
The difference shows up in what can go wrong. A static site has no database to go down, no process to hang, no slow query. It also cannot show different content to different visitors, which is exactly why it suits a blog so well: the text is the same for everyone.
The usual abbreviation is SSG. This site works that way: each article becomes an HTML file the moment it is published.